The Performance of Workplace Management

Introduction The performance of every organization is highly determined by its workforce. Employees of any organization determine whether it will attain its goals and objectives by how they contribute towards the output of the organization.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on The Performance of Workplace Management specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Hence recognizing the role of the employees towards the success of an organization has made many organizations to view their employees as one of its important asset. According to Honore (2009), the most important assets of a company are not product, money or profit but their employees (p.3). Longeneker (2011) adds that motivating workforce will help to improve the performance of the organization (p.). Many organizations have renewed their commitments to their employees by treating them fairly and with a lot respect. Many companies have come up with different schemes for im proving working conditions for their workers as payment compensation schemes, holiday leave schemes, trade union participation among others. These efforts are not only happening in local companies but also among multinational corporations that are operating in different parts of the globe. This report analyses the steps that can be taken by a multinational corporation that has taken a strategic plan to improve the performance of its employees through the managers in three countries (India, Australia, and Brazil) where it is operating. Approach MNCs operate in different parts of the globe, which are diverse in so many ways. Different regions where MNCs operate differ in geographical, political, economic, social-cultural, and technological factors.Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The corporations have to use multidisciplinary approach when they are giving goods or services in different regions where they operate. For instance these corporations have employed people from all the regions where they operating for effective delivery of their services. For example, a MNC such as Coca cola has branches in almost every country of the world and therefore employ staffs who differ in their culture, beliefs, taboos, race among other differences. Therefore, for the corporation to come up with a scheme that will address the needs their diverse staffs, it needs to be a multidisciplinary approach that will put into consideration their diversity. Employees would also like to associate with an organization that have diverse outlook. As Maxwell and Knox (2009) notes employers branding will help to motivate employees (p.93). However, there stands some basic things required by all employees require and hence the approach will be general in many cases but specific in some cases. Something like good salary and wages will motivate every employee irrespective of their diversit y. Good working environment will raise the output of the employees in many organizations despite their differences. Manager can use several approaches to motivate their employees who are working in different regions. These approaches will depend on the circumstances or challenges that workers in a certain region face. One approach may be very appropriate for a certain region but inappropriate for another region. The success of a given approach depends with the region and factors that lowers morale of the employees in that region. Below are some of the approaches that the managers of this MNC may apply to motivate their workers.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on The Performance of Workplace Management specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Equal employment opportunities MNC usually employs people from different background in terms of race, sex, culture, and beliefs. As postulated by Wegge, Van Dick, Wecking, and Moltzen (2006) creating a working environment that is objective is very crucial in that kind of setting (p.50). After recruitment, these people are posted to go and work in different regions where the corporation operates. Sometime MNCs may send senior managers to go and coordinate their operations in different regions but recruit local people to work in the junior positions. This creates a very diverse working environment where every staff needs to be comfortable for them to give their best output. Thus creating an environment conducive for all workers is very important in such a setting. No group should be discriminated on any basis in the work place. The corporation needs to treat all the employees equally, irrespective of their race, sex, origin, or beliefs as a way of making every body wanted in the work place. The communication in the work place should be improved to ensure that all the workers are able to communicate with one another effectively despite their diversity. As Jacquelin e and Milton (2009) claim, the language that the leader uses to motivate employees is also very important (p.5). Sharbrough (2006) supports this view by arguing that motivating language is very important in all industries (p.22). Workers from different cultures should be encouraged to develop a sense of understanding and having mutual respect for one another. These will help them to live in harmony with one another in the work place thus creating an environment that enables them to maximize their productivity. Managers of the multicultural organizations ought to promote a culture of mutual respect, teamwork, productivity, and acceptance among its diverse employees.Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More This will help to increase contribution of every person towards achievement of goals and objectives of the organization. The corporation needs to recognize the strength of having a diverse workforce and put all the necessary efforts to maximize their potential. A multicultural leader needs s to balance the needs of the diverse employees and those of the organization. The leader ensures that all employees are treated with dignity and respect they deserve irrespective of their race, sex, origin, and beliefs. The balance is achieved as the managers desire to gain more knowledge and awareness of the diverse group they are leading. Increased knowledge and awareness enhance the understanding of the managers as they continue to learn more about different people they are working with. To enable them to work more effectively, the managers need also to address their personal beliefs, biases, and behaviors that are not in line with the creation of working environment that is value diverse. The y must be willing to move from personal view to professional view and support advocating for procedures and policies that reflect diversity. This will help them to address all inequalities that may be present within the corporation and create a working environment that is conducive for all employees. In this case, the corporation is operating in three countries that have diverse cultures. The cultures of Brazil, Australia, and India are different and if the corporation decides to move its managers from one country to another, they must be willing to embrace diversity for them to be effective in their leadership. Employees in these countries are very diverse, and unless leaders choose to treat all the employees without discrimination, they may not be in a position to maximize the potential in production. It is important for the corporation to recruit employees from all regions irrespective of their country of origin or race. The recruitment process needs to be transparent, fair, and equitable. This is equitability is attained by developing policies and procedures that will enhance diversity in the organization. The procedures should ensure that recruitment, job evaluation and promotion processes are done in a way that respects diversity within the organization. This will minimize cases of biasness in the work place, which will make all the employees comfortable and happy with the way processes are done. If the employees are not comfortable with processes of recruitment, evaluation, and promotion, they will not be willing to give their best to the organization. Many workers will be willing to work hard where they feel that their efforts are well recognized through fair process of job evaluation. If the promotions are not based on a fair evaluation but on other forms of bias such as racial, sex and beliefs, employees will not be willing to support leaders promoted through such process. This will reduce their motivation and hence their productivity in the corporat ion. Employees would like corporation to recruit and evaluate employees through procedures that have no unfair bias, stereotype, and prejudice. Any procedure that fall short of this requirement will not be acceptable among employees, which may end up lowering their morale. Thus, managers of this corporation need to ensure the right procedures and policies are established that will be applied in the countries where they are operating during the process of recruitment, job evaluation, and promotion. Rewarding workforce Rewarding and employees’ recognition are very important in every organization. As postulated by Anderfuhren, Varone, Giauque, and Ritz (2010) material benefits and appreciation can help to motivate employees in any organization (p.13). Employees both in local and global working environment are always motivated by rewards they get from the organization as well as recognizing their effort. According to Poornima (2009), monetary and non-monetary compensation are ver y necessary to retain workers in any organization (p.6). Corporations should look for ways of rewarding their workers for the work they are doing. As Dewhurst, Guthridge, Mohr (2010) contend, individual attention and praise will help to raise the morale of the employees (p.2). These will raise their morale and motivate them to give their best for the benefit of the corporation. These rewards comes in different forms such as bonuses, promotion, job leave and other ways of rewarding employees for the work they are doing. Corporations should come up with programs for recognizing and rewarding their employees as a way of motivating them in the work environment. These programs will enable employees to have fun and celebrate their success making them to appreciate themselves and the corporation they are working with. According to Obilade (2009), employees are also concerned about the performance of the organization they work for (p.9). This recognition programs may include celebrating ann iversary of the corporation after sometime, celebrating birthday of workers and recognition of workers who have shown good performance in their duty. Among the many programs available for accrediting an individual’s work, is peer recognition. This program will give workers power to reward their colleagues for the good work they have shown. Workers are more likely to support such a program because they will feel recognized and again they know the performance of each other well and who deserve to be recognized. Again, managers and supervisors are not around at all the time to know who is performing his or her duty more than the others are. Workers can even be told to nominate the person whom they feel deserve to be rewarded for his or her work. Actually, letting workers to select amongst themselves the one to receive a reward instills the feeling of usefulness as they feel involved in major issues and so they become part of the company. Such employee driven programs come in han dy as tools to motivating workers given that they (the programs) are easy to implement and run. After all, they will raise the morale of the employees to work hard to achieve simple rewards such as time off, movie ticket and other small gifts. Informal programs will work in any environment either locally or internationally. Chang, Chan, Gudmundsson, and Sawang (2011) argue that internalized motivation can create creativeness and corporation among the workers (p.9). Thus for the managers of the corporation to motivate their employees in the work place in all the branches where they are operating, they need to consider these programs. Informal programs will work even in very diverse environment such as multicultural environment since the employees who are choosing need to be rewarded and recognized in their work place. These programs will also help to eliminate any form of discrimination that may arise in such environment when managers and supervisors are choosing the employees to be rewarded or recognized. Understanding and counseling program It is the role of the organization managers to encourage and motivate their employees to attain higher goals. Van, Cees, Berens, and Dijkstra (2009) indicates that developing capabilities of employees is important in any organization (p.197). It is important for the managers to understand each employee is different and require motivational needs that are different. According Blaskova (2010), an individual approach is one of the best methods of motivating employees (p.9). The abilities of each worker are different and this should be understood even when their work is being evaluated. Understanding the strengths and weakness of each employee will help managers to know which job is appropriate for them and what can be done to improve their performance. This will require managers to go extra mile and understand his or her employees beyond work environment to help in meeting their motivational needs. The performance of employee is usually affected by the challenges they are experiencing in their personal life such as marital issues, financial crises and other issues that matters in their life. Thus, it is important for managers to understand their employees on a personal basis to know how to motivate them. Some challenges that workers are facing require counseling which organization can plan by looking for appropriate counselors to help them to overcome those challenges. This situation may be made worse in a diverse working environment like in MNCs where employees come from different background with more diverse challenges. Challenges expected Implementing these strategies in three countries that differ in many ways is not easy. According to Bodolica (2007) dealing with workers in a foreign country can be a great challenge to the managers due to their diversity (p.9). India, Brazil, and Australia are politically, economically, and culturally different. Corporation managers need be flexible when they are m otivating their workers in the three different countries. For instance, the three states are in different class economically where for instance Brazil and Australia are more developed compared with India. This means that the wage level in three countries will be the same. Brazil and Australia are more developed and their wage is high compared with India. India is a developing country where the cost of labor is cheap compared with that of the other countries and there the corporation has to come up with a compensation scheme that will motivate employees putting into consideration these differences. Secondly, the three countries have different cultures and managers have to ensure that these programs accommodate diverse employees. Creating a working environment that is conducive and diverse is not easy but necessary for the success of the corporation. Developing policy and procedures for ensuring equality requires managers to rise beyond their bias, prejudice, and stereotypes and use a professional approach that will motivate all the employees. Thirdly, implementing these programs may be expensive to the corporation as creating policies and procedures for eliminating any form of discrimination will require time and other resources. However as noted by Hardre and Reeve (2009), training of the managers will equip them with right skills to motivate their employees (p.65). Recommendations There is need for corporation to use an approach that is multidisciplinary for managers to motivate their employees more effectively. Here are some of the steps that managers need to apply in their effort to motivate their employees. Develop and implement proper policies and procedures that will create fairness and equality in the working environment. This will help to eliminate all forms of discrimination in the corporation. Ensure fairness in the recruitment, job evaluation, and promotion where employees will be recognized according to their performance and not on any other basis. Create rewarding and recognition schemes to appreciate employees who perform well in their job. Create a working environment that is conducive for all workers where all employees treat each other with respect and dignity irrespective of their differences. Create programs for understanding and counseling employees as way of meeting their motivational needs. Conclusion The managers of this MNC need to employ several strategies to motivate their employees to give their best. This may include rewarding and appreciating employees, equality in work place, counseling, and understanding employees among others. A diverse approach is also necessary in all the three countries to help improve performance of all workers. Recommendations given above also need to be implemented in all regions as way motivating workers to increase their out to the corporation. Understanding employees is a good strategy will help to solve their personal issues. Reference List Anderfuhren, S., Varone, F., Giauque, D . Ritz, A., 2010. Motivating Employees of the Public Sector: Does Public Service Motivation Matter? International  Public Management Journal, 13 (3), pp.213-246. Blaskova, M., 2010. Creative Proactive-Concluding Theory of Motivating.  Business: Theory Practice, 11, pp.39-48. Bodolica, V., 2007. Motivating Vietnamese Employees and Managers in an American Joint Venture: What a Challenge! Asian Case Research Journal, 11, pp.59-77. Chang, A., Chan, F., Gudmundsson, A., Sawang, S., 2011. Motivating Blue Collar Employees: A Case Study of the Chinese Workforce. Journal of  Asia-Pacific Business, 12, pp.69-85. Dewhurst, M., Guthridge, M., Mohr, E., 2010. Motivating People: Getting beyond Money. McKinsey Quarterly, 3 (6), pp.12-15. Hardre, P., Reeve, J., 2009. Training Corporate Managers to adopt a more Autonomy-Supportive Motivating Style toward Employees: An Intervention study. International Journal of Training Development, 13(3), pp.165-184. Honore, J., 2009. Employee Motivati on. Consortium Journal of Hospitality   Tourism, 14, pp.63-75. Jacqueline, M., Milton, M., 2009. The Role of Leader Motivating Language in Employee Absenteeism. Journal of Business Communication, 46 (4), pp.455-479. Longeneker, C., 2011. How the BEST motivate workers. Industrial Management, 53, pp.8-13. Maxwell, R., Knox, S., 2009. Motivating Employees to â€Å"Live the Brand†: A Comparative Case Study of Employer Brand Attractiveness within the Firm. Journal of Marketing Management, 25 (9), pp.893-907. Obilade, S., 2009. Motivating Downsizing Survivors in Small Businesses.  Southern Business Review, 34 (2), pp.19-35. Poornima, S. C., 2009. Motivating Through Satisfaction: An Ongoing Effort of HR in Organizations. ICFAI Journal of Management Research, 8 (5), pp.26-37. Sharbrough, W., 2006. Motivating Language in Industry. Journal of Business  Communication, 43 (4), pp.322-343. Van, M., Berens, G. Dijkstra, M., 2009. Stimulating Strategically Aligned Behavior among Em ployees. Journal of Management Studies, 46 (7), pp.1197-1226. Wegge, J., Van Dick, R., Fisher, G., Wecking, C. Moltzen, K., 2006. Work Motivation, Organizational Identification, and well-being in call centre work. Work Stress, 20 (1), pp.60-83. This report on The Performance of Workplace Management was written and submitted by user Bryant T. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

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Code Switching and Mobile Phones in ESL

Code Switching and Mobile Phones in ESL 1.0 Introduction to code switching In this era of globalization and modernization, many of people were used more than one or more language in the conversation and community. The term of code switching, or sometimes maybe write in ‘codes witching’ or ‘code-switching’. This is broadly used and discuss in a variety of related field and linguistics. A database on the 2005 year, a search of the Language Behaviour Abstract and linguistics shows more than 1800 articles on the subject published in virtually on every branch of the linguistics. Nevertheless, despite on this ubiquity or perhaps in part of it, the scholarship does not seem to share the definition of the terms. Aside from that this perhaps is inevitable, given from the different concerns of the linguists, such like anthropologists, psycholinguists, sociolinguists, philosophers and so on. Since the code switching is studies from many and different perspective, the paper will necessary seems to omit the important element to the literature. On the other hand, many of the works are labelled ‘code switching’, this is interest in morph syntactic constrains and syntactic on the language alternation. Alternately, the studies of language acquisition, the second language acquisition, and the language if using the term code switching to describe either language learners’ or bilingual speakers’ cognitive linguists language, to describe the classroom or the learners practice involving the using of more than one or more language. The codes switch refers to the different of speech in the content. For example, the formal language or the informal language, or different languages like Spanish and English. The student who were bilingual or came from the different culture and background are noted their ability code switch. Because of the standard language are not their primary language and this matter let the student added the effort to speak accordingly in the standard form one language to another. 2.0 Factors that cause ESL Learners to code switch 2.0.1 Mother language Since they are child, they were speaking with the mother language and do not use the English language to speaking to each other, so this matter will cause the children stammer when they speaking the English to others. To further illustration on this point, for the Indian, they will speak in Tamil; for the Malay people, they will speak in Malay; for the Chinese people, they will speak in Cantonese or Chinese. Since they were still small, their parent and family never instill the other language such as the English language, so lead their children were cannot understand the English, and speaking with the English very well. 2.0.2 Parent’s education For those parents who just study for a few years, their academic and language level just common, and cannot teach and correct their child very well and formal. Sometimes they speaking with the broken language in front of their children, then their children suit their parents too. Owing to this matter, the relevant parents cannot become a good role model to the children. On the contrary, for the family which is the economy is better, they never and not allow their children to the learning central for have a better learning, their purpose is save the money so they never send the children to the learning central. Thus, they prefer to spent on something not worth it, like the famous brand of the nags, shirts, watch and a lots. 2.0.3 Teacher’s education Basically, the school education was the formal to every student. Nonetheless, some teacher was never correct student mistake. For instance, when students was saying ‘Teacher, boleh saya pergi toilet?’ Actually, the teacher may correct the sentences to ‘Teacher, may I go to toilet?’ With this case, many of the teachers were often neglect it and never correct it, so this may cause the students to be a habit. Above all, the teacher who teaching the English lesson should organize some activities all about the English language, but they did not do it. This is because some of the teacher was busy for their own personal things or lazy to organize it. 2.0.4 Education Based to the Chinese, Indian and Malay people they were not all the people that educated by the English. On the contrary, mostly parents were sent them to the school which is suit to their own race school. Owing to this reason, the language they mostly learning is their own language although have learning the English. Nevertheless, even their have the learning English skill, but they will spoke out their own language at wherever even if the school too. 2.1 Methods to overcome code switching 2.1.1 School education Every school must educated the children correctly, especially kindergarten, primary school and secondary school, this is because the basic is learn since a child. The school should arrangement some teacher who was professional in English language so that can teach the students speaking in English, or teaching the writing skill too. Aside from that, the school might organize some activities about the language of the English. We can take the example is the English programme, seminars, competition of the English story, oral English test, and so on about the English activities. This is due to the reason that students participants the activities above can train their courage and would not be afraid when face the problem of speaking in English, and would not be stammer when speaking in English. 2.1.2 Parent’s education Every parent should be a good and perfect role model to their own child. This is because whatever parents did, the children will follow it like copy and paste. Henceforth, if the parents who cannot speak out the English as well as possible then do not say it out, this attitude was to prevent the children to learn this and speak like this. Frankly saying, every parent’s should send their children to the central which is learning the English. Many studies have pointed out that learning at the learning English central can learn many of the things which is include the grammar, writing skill, conversation, speech, and so on that about the English language. On the other hand, these kinds of the learning central also can teach the children about the team spirit, help to each other, and the polite of the social. In addition to that, every parents should give some motivate and push their children to reading and speaking in English. 2.1.3 Training The children or the students who wants to improve the English level can via the reading of the English book or listen the radio which is the English station. This move is highly appropriated because the books were include many words that they never seen, more difficult, or always forgotten it. The children via these activities can approve their English as fast as possible if they were not forgo it. On top of that, they can approve their English by watching the English movie or the English songs. This is the light of the fact that the children or the students can speaking the English as fast as possible, and not afraid of speak it wrong. 3.0 Conclusion In this world, the language of the English was general and widespread in all country and city. The language of the English is the one language that can communication to others community form others countries or cities. If someone were being unfamiliar with the English language, they will be eliminated by others, even if the get dirty looks, and ridicule by others. As a result, mostly people that without the education of the English, they English level were lower than others who were receive the education of the English. As a matter of fact, the people who do not know how to speak in the English they will mix the others language into a conversation, and this is name as ‘code switching’. To prevent the code switching occurs and happen, every one might improve the English level by training well as far as possible. Second to that, the school must pay attention to the students who was bad in English. Therefore, the school can take the action to solves and prevent the code swi tch occurs and happened in the school as fast as possible so as not to regret, and the students get the formal and correct English in learning. In addition to that, every teacher in the school may set oneself an example to others students so that the students would not have a bad habit. Apart from that, besides in the school and teachers, parents also have the responsibility to correct and to instill the right information to their own children, or they can sent them to the learning central. This is due to the reason that the children can learn the correct information from the learning central and to reduce the wrong. On the other hand, parents may push and give some motivate to their children for reading the English books, and watch the English drama or film. 4.0 Introduction to mobile phone The system of the cellular telephone is the way that providing portable phone service. Every mobile phone was connected by a radio link to a base station. In contrast, the link that liked to the mobile phone’s network which is the biggest machine in the planet. In addition to that, for the radio link there is nothing special because it was used for many years. What is the smart is that the cellular system because the base station were covers with a limit area. And once the mobile phones were moved away, the mobile phone still can connect because the connection is through the neighbour base. Above all, this system is called pass to a teammate, and it allow all the mobile phone, at the same time, it also allow the reuse the base of frequency that nearby. Apart from that, in the world of the globalization and the modernization, every community and people were having their own phone and even the children too. On top of that, in 1982 the first automatic mobile phone service was lau nched in Australia and with the first cellular mobile phone service following too. And now, in the world that globalization and modernization, the technology has become the central of our everyday culture and life with day and day. Nowadays, the mobile phone was invented to many kinds, like the smartphones. And now the mobile phone was brings many convenient to the community and people, we can called someone as easily as we can, besides the call, we have the text messaging, we chat, line, Facebook, so on of the apps for communication so that we can get the information or the data as fast as possible that we receive. Furthermore, the mobile phone also can use to routine work, like for the stocks, schedules, dictionary, alarm ,and everything that we want, we can find on the mobile phones. Due to the reason that is because of our work, we ignore our health life and everything like exercise, having a meal on time, reminder. In addition, we also have a video call to each other when we ov erseas or have a chat together. In the pass, the person in the world does not have any communication because the technology not develops very well. Or maybe we have to a call to relatives or friends, their communication are using by the telegraph. On the other hand, they also get the important data or information by writing a letter. Long time ago, when the mobile phone was invented, they cannot have a face time to each other, they need a date for gathering, party and so on. Sometimes we want the get the data or information that we want, we need to have a research in the library, and this is a more trouble to them. 5.0 Advantages of bringing mobile phones to classroom 5.0.1 Emergency Students that have a mobile phones in hand that can enable summoned assistance to someone when face emergency. Many studies have point out that the incidence that mostly occur in the school, like first aid, fire, get violence in the school, kidnapping and many possible that will happen in the school. When those students face those problem or these kinds of difficult, they can call someone as fast as possible. 5.0.2 Parents contact The school shall allow every student to carry their own phone because of the necessary from parents. For instance, the emergency from a family, the carrier problem, or the students arrangement with different, they may have a call to each other ability. Sometime, students were can request by a call because of the forgotten bringing the books, project, assignment, or sometime vital. 5.0.3 Children location Mostly mobile phones that has including the GPS sensor, the position of the mobile phone that has including the introduced the places in details. Moreover, parent can use it for pay more close attention for their child’s whereabouts. GPS sensor also provides the peace of mind to every parents and teacher for the missing students and children. 5.0.4 Memory Aids These days, mostly of the mobile phones have the camera, so that the children or students can capture the notes or picture by using the camera. Due to the reason this is more effective to having all the notes and not missing one. To further illustrate on this point, most student were focus on copy the note and miss what the lecture talking about the lesson, or sometimes, students pay attention to the lecture but neglect the notes. 5.05 Learning Aids Students can use the smartphones when in the lesson or class, they can use the apps of the education which is assist and design for the students. Based on the survey, the entire education program was similar and easy for learning in study. If a students need to search some datum for their work without the laptop or computer, they can use their phone immediately. 5.0.6 Dictionary When students face the words the never seen before or do not understand the meaning of it, they need to search the meaning of it in the dictionary but forgotten to bring it or don’t want to bring it because of its weight. Students may use their dictionary in their smartphones. This is because it can lighten the weight of bag and save the times to search it because it more easy and fast. 5.0.7 Calendar Almost every mobile phone has built-in the calendar function. For students, it could difficult to memorise everything. Such as the date of exam or pass up the homework, the deadline of pass up the project or assignment, so they can use this function to organize or distribute an alert for reminds them so that they will never forget it. 5.0.8 Voice notes Students may use the mobile phones recording. The pros of using voice recording function are faster to notes down and record all the important things, and it is a best and quickly way to track what they need to do and what should they do. It is no denying that students not always have a direct notepad to note it, so the used of the mobile phone is useful to write down the important things. 5.0.9 Calculator Most of the phone maintains the function of calculator. Mostly the high school need a calculator in the math course because they have many things to calculate such as the most calculation that we always used like addition, subtraction, multiplication, division. 5.0.10 Internet access The one function in the mobile phone that most attract the students when break. Besides it was a functional tool to every student who studies in college or university. But some of the classroom cannot surf the internet so they need to bring the data for search the relevant information to complete the project or exercise. 6.0 Conclusion It goes without saying that this implying this method will bring about a positive outcome on their studies. Although some of the students may not pay attention in the class because of he or she keep playing their phone. Due to the reason, most of the teachers or lectures were feeling annoyance about this case. Henceforth, they set a law that not allow students bringing their mobile phone to the school, once they bring it, or the staff and lecture discover, college or university will punish them. For example, they will give a warning letter, a verbal warming, or will seizure it. Therefore, we should think about from the perspective of the students. To be frank, mostly students were not understand the difficult words they not brave to ask their teacher or lecture, so they just can keep quiet and pass it. Second to that, the college or university life was more stress and pressure than the primary and secondary school. The students need to rush for their assignment, so that they more nee d the mobile phone to complete everything. We can take the example of the students who always search the relevant information form the website. If they forgot to bring their laptop or no laptop, the only way to search at website is using the mobile phone. Last but not lease, students also can get the homework or information from the websites as fast as possible. As such, all the college or university shall support all the students bring their phones to college or university and not ban them to bringing it to college or university. References Callahan, L. (2011). Multidisciplinary Approaches to Code Switching edited by ISURIN, LUDMILA, DONALD WINFORD, KEES DE BOT. The Modern Language Journal, 95(2), pp.322323. Cirelli, C. (2014). Pros of Cell Phones in School. [online] LoveToKnow. Available at: http://cellphones.lovetoknow.com/Pros_of_Cell_Phones_in_School [Accessed 29 Jun. 2014]. Dobson, J. and Hawkins, G. (1978). Conversation in English. 1st ed. New York: American Book Co. Eastman, C. (1990). Monica Heller (ed.), Codeswitching: Anthropological and sociolinguistic perspectives (Contributions to the Sociology of Language 48). Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter, 1988. Pp. 278. Language in Society, 19(03), pp.442447. Google Books, (2014). Code-Switching in Conversation. [online] Available at: http://books.google.com.my/books?hl=enlr=id=DHk4-1SX3tYCoi=fndpg=PA1dq=introduction+to+code+switchingots=VCO4IIsil4sig=UsbcRlRNBb3sVlaBlyGBkKtM5Sc#v=onepageq=introduction to code switchingf=false [Accessed 29 Jun. 2014]. Hairydog.co.uk, (2014). Introduction to Mobile Phones. [online] Available at: http://www.hairydog.co.uk/cell2.html [Accessed 1 Jul. 2014]. Lee, W. and Lee, W. (1995). Mobile cellular telecommunications. 1st ed. New York: McGraw-Hill. Lucas, S. (1998). The art of public speaking. 1st ed. Boston, Mass.: McGraw-Hill. Park, H., Choi, J. and others, (2006). Design of an internal antenna with wide and multiband characteristic for mobile handset. Microwave and optical technology letters, 48(5), pp.947950. Appendix 1 Â   Â  

Sumthn Called Music :: essays research papers

Punk Music in North America: November 7th From Yesteryear to Here Punk music is a unique form of music which incorporates heavy, raw and distorted guitars; intricate, deep sounding bass lines; high paced, pounding drum beats; and vocals that catapult ideologies of a world run by anarchy. Punk is a form of underground music which appeals to people who are either bored or dissatisfied with the way the world works. In The Merriam Webster Dictionary the definition of the word punk is; a young inexperienced person or a petty hoodlum.1 This is the typical stereotype which is associated with punk. This definition is far too vague and neglects to mention that punk is also a form of music. Punk is a relatively new form of music in the music world that originated out of New York ¹s club scene in the mid sixties. Ed Sanders and Tuli Kupferberg were two members of a band called the Fugs. These two men played a very important role in the foundation of punk music. They often performed in a bar called Dom which could be found in the basement of a night club called The Electric Circus. They tried to get their music played in other clubs but it was usually rejected due to the controversial and offensive subject matter that they used in their music. The Fugs refused to change their style because their originality was really all they had going for them. The band did however manage to influence other bands to go punk.2 More and more bands in New York started to follow this new trend of underground music. The styles of these spawning bands followed the obscene and offensive style of the Fugs. Bands such as Dave Peel and the Lower East Side and Velvet Underground were bands that were greatly inspired by the Fugs. The punk scene also exploded in Detroit. Iggy Pop, former drummer for the Paul Butterfield Blues Band, started the band known as the Stooges. The Stooges were a very unusual and outrageous band. Their live performances often left their audiences in awe due to the strangeness of Iggy Pop ¹s actions on stage. He would contort and mutilate his body, and he was the first member of a band to attempt stage diving. The Stooges were the first actual band in North America used to describe punk music.3 The question that surfaced amongst people who were not in the punk scene was,  ³Why?

Attitude and Behaviour

It would seem reasonable to argue the existence of a link between attitude and behaviour and to further assume that it is those same attitudes that determine that behaviour. However, there are many variables to consider which may affect the strength of such a link. It is important to distinguish between the influence of different types of attitude (reference), the first type being attitudes towards general entities and the second being attitudes towards more specific ones. This essay will look at how attitudes can be a poor predictor of behaviour on a broad perspective but become effective predictors when looked at in a narrower and more specific way. However, the additional impact of a wide array of other variables undermines the accuracy of the link between attitudes and behaviour and complicates the drawing of clear conclusions. ‘Attitude’ is defined by Eagly and Chaiken in their book The Psychology of Attitudes as ‘a psychological tendency that is expressed by evaluating a particular entity with some degree of favour or disfavour’. reference) In other words, an ‘attitude’ is a judgement or evaluation made about any ‘entity’ which can be assessed along a measurement of favourability. As well as a person’s attitudes differing in positivity, (i. e. some attitudes possessed can be positive, neutral or negative), they also can differ in strength, (i. e. one may feel more strongly about a certain topic than another), and therefore consider it a more important topic. In brief, ‘behaviour’ is the actions of an individual which can be objectively measured. Some may argue that attitudes are a weak predictor of behaviour. In 1969, Wicker, after reviewing studies such as that of Richard LaPiere, concluded that attitudes and behaviour are only slightly, if at all, related. LaPiere, in the 1930s, seemed to suggest very little correlation between attitude and behaviour. LaPiere travelled around America with an Asian couple at a time where anti-Asian prejudice was prevalent. Although concerned that the couple would be refused from many of the hotels along the way, he found that only one out of the 250 hotels did so. After his travels, LaPiere sent a letter to each of the hotels asking whether they would allow Chinese guests. Of all his replies, only one declared they would serve a Chinese guest. This study, and others like it at the time, seemed to suggest very few links between attitude and behaviour. However, there are a number of problems with this study, such as the fact that there is no guarantee that the person who answered the letter is the same person who let the Chinese couple stay. The question in the letter as to whether they would let a Chinese couple in is also too broad a statement as it does not specify if they are a ‘well-dressed Chinese couple accompanied by an American college professor’ (ref). The limits of the success of attitude predicting behaviour can also be seen by the fact that similar attitudes held by different people can lead to different behaviour from those individuals. Indeed, Thurstone wrote; ‘It is quite conceivable that two men may have the same degree or intensity of effect favourable towards a psychological object and that their attitudes would be described in this sense as identical but†¦ that their overt actions would take quite different forms’. ref print out) In other words, one cannot predict an individual’s actions according to his/her attitudes as two different people with the same attitude towards something may act according to that attitude in completely different ways. There are also many other factors which will determine how effective attitude is in predicting behaviour. One such factor is the strength of the attitude which one holds. The stronger one’s attitude, the more likely it is to predict behaviour. This is because if a person holds a very strong positive attitude towards something, they are likely to act positively towards it. However if that person holds another, weaker, attitude towards something, thereby valueing it of less importance, they will be less likely to act according to that attitude. Furthermore, an attitude based on direct experience rather than second hand information will be more effective in predicting behaviour. This was demonstrated in a study by Fazio and Zanna, 1981, whereby participants were asked to solve several puzzles. One the one hand, in the second hand condition, some participants were shown how to solve the puzzles, and on the other, in the direct experience condition, some participants were allowed to work on the puzzles beforehand. Attidude being measured as intrest shown, and behaviour being measured as the order and proportion of the puzzles solved, the test showed a correlation between attitude and behaviour of between . 51 and . 54 in the direct experience condition while only between . 22 and . 20 in the indirect experience condition. (ref printout). It can therefore be seen that attitudes can predict behaviour under some cercumstances, such as those layed out by Fishbein and Ajzen. The extent to which attitude can predict behaviour is also circumstantial to factors such as how one persives the importance of that attitude and what that attitude is based upon. Behaviour is also affected by other factors which may be opposing to the attitude held by an individual. Subjective norms and perceived behaviour controle also influence behaviour. Therefore, when looking at all three together, predicting behaviour may be effective, however, when looking at attitude by itself such predictions may be weak.

Defining Rheumatoid Arthritis essays

Defining Rheumatoid Arthritis essays to most people arthritis means pain and stiffness in the joins. Indeed, if you trace the word arthritis to its Greek roots you will discover that it means inflammation (itis) of the joints (arthron). In practice the word is used to describe more than one hundred joint disorders, many of which are not caused by inflammation at all. There are several forms of arthritis which do begin as significant inflammation in the joints, and this inflammation cause damage to the joints. Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) is one of the so called inflammatory for of arthritis. With RA, inflammation plays a major role in causing joint problems. This inflammation can bring about warmth and swelling in the joints in addition to significant stiffness and pain. It is believed that the inflammation of RA causes other problems, too. Peoples with RA often have such symptoms as fatigue, low-grade fever, decreased appetite, depression, and muscle aches along with pain and swelling in their joints. In, fact many peopl e with RA say that they just dont feel well. These people are describing malaise, a vague feeling of illness. This overall feeling of illness is common with RA because the condition is systemic, meaning that it can affect more than one part of the body. RA is also referred to as a chronic illness because if can last for months or years. The joints in RA vary from one person to another. For example, some people have painful joints only in there hands, whereas others may experience pain in there knees and feet. One on the distinguishing characteristics of RA, however, is the particular pattern of specific joints that can potentially become affected. Those most commonly involved in RA are finger joints, wrists, elbows, shoulders, some joints in the neck, jaw, hips, knees, ankles, feet, and toe joints. RA most often affects the body symmetrically, meaning that arthritis on one side of the body affects the other side equa ...

The risk of malnutrition Essays

The risk of malnutrition Essays The risk of malnutrition Essay The risk of malnutrition Essay Introduction The most of import issue with for the Great Horn of Africa ( GHA ) states is the equal supply of sufficient nutrient. Poor conditions and struggle are some of the factors that cause the nutrient insecurity. Increase in planetary nutrient monetary values besides cause more weakening in nutrient security which increases the hazard of malnutrition. The purpose of this essay is to discourse how addition in nutrient monetary values in general affects lessening in nutrient security in the GHA and increase the hazard of malnutrition of the people in those states of GHA. The United States Agency for International Developments ( USAID ) defined nutrient security based upon the one adopted at the 1996 World Food Summit. This defines nutrient security as all people, at all times holding physical and economic entree to sufficient, safe and alimentary nutrient that meets their dietetic demands and nutrient penchants for an active and healthy life , ( Riely et al. , 1999, FAO, 2006 ) . Food entree, use, nutrient handiness and stableness are the four key elements ( FAO, 2006 ) . These four key elements province that there ever sufficient sum of nutrient, quality of nutrient has to be kept same even it is imported or produced, to fix nutrient and consume nutrient in a alimentary and hygienic mode equal tools or pecuniary resources for its acquisition is needed, and non to lose all these elements the hazard should ever be low. Otherwise, if any of these elements has some lacks so nutrient security will diminish. The states that are portion of GHA which has suffered from long term nutrient insecurity are Somalia, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Tanzania, Dijibouti, Uganda, Sudan, Kenya, parts of the Central African Republic ( CAR ) and the Democratic Republic of Congo ( DRC ) . These states faced nutrient insecurities at critical degree and have required external nutrient aid for at least 10 or more old ages during the period 1988-2005. However, Somalia, Ethiopia, Sudan and DRC faced nutrient insecurities for the full continuance of this period or more ( FAO, 2006 ) . The causes of nutrient insecurity There were still some annihilating factors refering with the nutrient security in the GHA part. First of all, fickle and drought rainfalls combined with deforestation have ruined dirt quality in decreased harvest outputs and grazing land for croping animate beings ( Riely et al. , 1999 ) . The rainfall was below the norm in many parts of GHA bespeaking moderate to badly dry conditions in Somalia, some parts of Kenya, south-eastern Ethiopia and Dijibouti between February to September 2008 ( FEWS_Net, 2008a, FEWS_Net, 2008b, FEWS_Net, 2008c ) . Less sum of rainfall caused to the dirt wet degrees to drop and this affected corn harvest to neglect in some parts of GHA. Political instability and armed struggle are some of the causes that make it hard to get down and go on to administer nutrient to the people in a market substructure mode ( Riely et al. , 1999 ) . As an illustration, between 1991 and 2000, since Somalia has nt got a functioning authorities, it has merely recognized a transi tional national authorities after approximately a decennary involved in internal struggle ( Bureau_of_African_Affairs, 2010 ) . After all these happened, the figure of internally displaced people who can non work and depend on external nutrient assistance increased to 980,000. Due to some internal supplanting doing the post-election ferociousness in 2008, around 257,000 people had nutrient insecurity issues ( FEWS_Net, 2008d ) . All of these factors when they are combined affect people to obtain adequate nutrient in their ain economic system and force them to international assistance and markets. Food handiness and nutrient entree depend on the cost of nutrient. Since the production capacity degrees are lower, the GHA part is a net importer of nutrient particularly cereals from international markets ( IFRC, 2008 ) . In add-on to this, monetary values of cereal including rice and corn additions in the period from 2006 to 2008.

Stem Cell Research Legislation Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Stem Cell Legislation - Research Paper Example Finally, this paper will close down with an explicit conclusion that regards the stem cell research. Introduction Stem cells refer to certain unspecialized cells found in multi-cellular organisms that have the potential of dividing and differentiating into specialized cells when subjected under particular physiological conditions. Stem cells are divided into two different groups depending on the manner through which each type is obtained. The first grouping is the adult stem cells that involve cells extracted from the body of an adult human being and that are able to divide and differentiate in order to regenerate tissues resembling the original extraction point. Adult stem cells are commonly present in the skin, liver, bone marrows and brain. Jayachandran (2005) confirms that adult stem cells are held responsible for every repair that occurs on a damaged. Another division of the stem cell is the embryonic stem cells that are obtained from a maturing embryo. The embryonic stem cells have great potential of treating degenerative diseases like diabetes, spinal cord injuries, Parkinson disease, and Alzheimer’s disease among others. ... erent Countries With regard to the burning controversies that surround the human embryonic stem cells research, many advanced countries have standing laws that either prohibit or condone the research, in order to protect the researchers from possible assaults and rejection within their societies. In that aspect, countries like China, Korea, Australia, UK and Switzerland made basic laws contemplated to encourage research in this field (Schechter, 2010). Meanwhile, other countries, including USA, had very strict legislations that stood to contradict the stem cell research, stands that have loosened with time. The USA portrays a good example of country that has undergone series of changes in legislations governing stem cell research within its borders. In1996, a bill named Dickey Amendment was endorsed into law by the Congress. The bill sought for prohibition of the DHHS and the NIH from sponsoring practices involving formation or deformation of human embryo for the sake of research. No twithstanding, Dickey Amendment failed to address the use of private money in funding the research process on stem cells. When a successful isolation of human embryonic stem cell was achieved in 1998, DHHS interpreted the bill in favor of federal funding on the stem cell research, but proposal faced opposition from the critics of embryonic stem cell research. Schechter (2010) reports that on assuming office in 2001, President George Bush provided that the federal funding would be availed for research on already created stem cell lines. Moreover, President Bush used the powers bestowed in his office to reject the amendments that required the government to remove strict restriction of federal funding on research activities involving stem cells. The year 2009 marked a historic turning point in

Nurses say hospital dangerous, but CEO denies charge Essay

Nurses say hospital dangerous, but CEO denies charge - Essay Example This case has garnered the attention of the nurses who claim that staffing problems are suppressing the quality of care. However, the CEO insists that the Hospital has to follow this path to ensure that the increasing health needs of the community are met through proper utilization of resources (The Star, 2014). The case of Humber Hospital brings about the issue of efficiency in the health care environment. The quality and quantity of healthcare in the society is a major concern for the bodies regulating public healthcare institutions. While there is need to provide a large population with health services, it is crucial for the health service providers to ensure that quality services are rendered. The Ontario Nurses Association is one of the bodies monitoring the health concern in the society. The major focus of the regulating bodies is that the community gets the right quality and quantity of healthcare within the available social amenities. The case of Humber hospital is interesting since it raises the question of whether health service providers should pay attention to the quality or the quantity of their services (The Star, 2014). While the CEO intends to increases the hospital capacity, he risks suppressing the quality of healthcare in this hospital by employing the Registered Practica l Nurses. For instance, neglection of 48 old year old woman with schizophrenia resulted to her death, a case which can be termed as poor quality of service. The fact that there is already a case of patient negligence, it is crucial for regulating bodies to intervene. The concerned bodies should assess if Humber Hospital has the capacity to provide the right quality and quantity of medical care within the society. Numerous groups may have an interest in the case of Humble Hospital. First, the regulating bodies may have a concern with respect to the quality of healthcare in this organization. These bodies have the